shinkansen (collective)

The Shinkansen (新幹線), often referred to in English as the bullet train, is a network of high-speed railway lines in Japan. Operated by Japan Railways Group (JR Group), it began with the Tōkaidō Shinkansen line in 1964, coinciding with the Tokyo Olympics. Since then, the network has expanded to connect most of Japan's major cities on the islands of Honshu and Kyushu.

Shinkansen trains are known for their punctuality, comfort, safety, and efficiency. They operate on dedicated tracks, separate from conventional railway lines, allowing for high speeds and minimizing potential conflicts. Speeds can reach up to 320 km/h (200 mph) on some lines.

The term "Shinkansen" refers to both the trains and the railway lines themselves. Individual Shinkansen lines are named (e.g., Tōkaidō Shinkansen, Sanyō Shinkansen, Tōhoku Shinkansen) and often operate with different train series tailored to the specific characteristics of the route, such as gradient and tunnel length. These train series also vary in passenger capacity, seating configuration, and amenities.

The Shinkansen system has had a significant impact on Japan's economy and society, facilitating business travel, tourism, and regional development. Its success has served as a model for high-speed rail projects around the world.

Ticketing for Shinkansen trains can be purchased in advance or on the day of travel. Reservations are recommended, particularly during peak seasons and for long-distance journeys. The Japan Rail Pass offers cost-effective travel for foreign tourists.