Yamabushi

The Yamabushi (山伏, literally "mountain hermits") are ascetic hermits or mountain monks of Japan. Historically, these monks followed a syncretic mix of esoteric Buddhism, Shinto, and other indigenous Japanese beliefs and practices. Their religious practices included rigorous training in the mountainous regions of Japan, aimed at attaining spiritual power, magical abilities, and enlightenment.

Yamabushi engaged in solitary retreats, meditation, and various forms of physical endurance training in the mountains. They were known for their expertise in martial arts, healing, and divination. They also acted as intermediaries between the spiritual and earthly realms, offering protection to villagers and travelers.

Over time, Yamabushi became associated with various Buddhist sects, particularly Shingon and Tendai. Their role in Japanese society evolved, and they often served as advisors to military leaders and even participated in battles. Although their numbers have declined in modern times, Yamabushi practices and traditions continue to be preserved by dedicated practitioners and are considered a significant part of Japan's cultural and religious heritage. They are often seen today participating in festivals and rituals that emphasize their connection to nature and their spiritual abilities.