Wilting

Wilting is the loss of rigidity of non-woody plant parts. It occurs when the turgor pressure in plant cells falls to zero, causing the cells to become flaccid. This lack of turgor pressure results in the drooping or collapse of leaves, stems, and flowers.

Wilting is most commonly caused by a lack of water. When the rate of transpiration (water loss from the plant) exceeds the rate of water uptake by the roots, the plant experiences water stress. This can be due to insufficient water in the soil, damaged roots that cannot absorb water efficiently, or environmental conditions that increase transpiration rates (e.g., high temperatures, low humidity, strong winds).

However, wilting can also occur even when there is sufficient water in the soil. This can happen due to:

• Pathogens: Certain plant diseases, such as fungal or bacterial wilts, can block the vascular system of the plant, preventing water from reaching the leaves and other parts.
• Salinity: High salt concentrations in the soil can create an osmotic imbalance, making it difficult for plants to absorb water.
• Root damage: Physical damage to the roots, caused by pests, diseases, or soil compaction, can impair water uptake.
• Herbicide damage: Some herbicides can interfere with plant water transport or metabolism, leading to wilting.

Wilting can be a temporary or permanent condition. If the cause of the wilting is addressed promptly, the plant may recover and regain its turgor pressure. However, prolonged or severe wilting can lead to irreversible damage and ultimately plant death. Observing the pattern and speed of wilting can help diagnose the underlying cause and determine appropriate treatment. For example, rapid wilting on a hot, sunny day may indicate water stress, while gradual wilting affecting only certain parts of the plant may suggest a vascular disease.