Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate

Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, often abbreviated as TDBP or TDCP, is an organophosphate compound used primarily as a flame retardant. It is a viscous, colorless to yellowish liquid that is practically insoluble in water but soluble in various organic solvents. TDBP is a widely produced and used brominated flame retardant (BFR), added to a variety of materials, including polyurethane foam (especially in furniture and bedding), textiles, plastics, and resins, to reduce their flammability.

TDBP's flame retardant properties are derived from the bromine atoms in its structure. When materials containing TDBP are exposed to heat or flame, the compound decomposes, releasing bromine radicals that interfere with the combustion process. This disrupts the chain reaction of combustion, slowing or preventing the spread of fire.

However, TDBP has been the subject of significant health and environmental concerns. Studies have indicated that TDBP is a persistent organic pollutant (POP), meaning it can persist in the environment for long periods and bioaccumulate in living organisms. It has been detected in various environmental compartments, including air, water, soil, and sediment, as well as in human tissues and breast milk.

TDBP is considered to be toxic to aquatic organisms and is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor, potentially interfering with hormone systems in humans and animals. Exposure to TDBP has also been linked to potential carcinogenic and neurotoxic effects in animal studies.

Due to these concerns, TDBP has been subject to increasing regulatory scrutiny and restrictions in many countries. Some jurisdictions have banned or severely restricted its use in certain products, particularly those intended for use by children. Alternative flame retardants are being explored and implemented to replace TDBP in various applications.