Treaty of Madrid (1630)

The Treaty of Madrid, signed in 1630, was a diplomatic agreement between England and Spain ending their involvement in the War of the Mantuan Succession. This war, fought primarily in Northern Italy, had drawn in various European powers vying for control of the Duchy of Mantua and the Duchy of Montferrat following the death of Vincenzo II Gonzaga, the last direct male heir.

England, under King Charles I, had intervened on behalf of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, and supported the French claimant, Charles of Nevers, against the Habsburg-backed claim of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. However, England's involvement was hampered by internal financial constraints and limited resources. Spain, as a major Habsburg power, supported Ferdinand II's claims.

The Treaty of Madrid of 1630 officially brought England's participation in the conflict to an end. It normalized relations between England and Spain and allowed England to withdraw from the Italian peninsula. While the treaty did not significantly alter the outcome of the War of the Mantuan Succession, it marked a turning point in English foreign policy, shifting the focus away from continental conflicts and towards domestic issues and colonial endeavors. The treaty was facilitated by the shifting landscape of European alliances and the desire of both England and Spain to secure peace in a costly and protracted conflict.