Thomas Gerard (colonist)

Thomas Gerard (c. 1608 – 1673) was an English colonist, physician, and landowner in the Province of Maryland. He is best known for his involvement in early colonial Maryland politics, his extensive landholdings, and his brief role in a quasi-rebellion known as Ingle's Rebellion.

Gerard was born in Lancashire, England, and immigrated to Maryland around 1638. He quickly became a prominent figure in the colony, acquiring vast tracts of land, particularly in St. Mary's County and what is now Charles County. One of his largest estates was known as "St. Clement's Manor."

Gerard served in the Maryland General Assembly, representing St. Mary's County. He was a member of the Council, advising the governor. He was a staunch Roman Catholic and, for a time, allowed Jesuit priests to say Mass in his home, a practice that later led to conflict with the Protestant-dominated government.

During Ingle's Rebellion (1644-1646), a period of political and religious unrest in Maryland led by Protestant Captain Richard Ingle, Gerard initially supported the legitimate government under Governor Leonard Calvert. However, he was later arrested and briefly imprisoned by Ingle's forces. The extent and nature of his involvement remain a subject of some debate among historians. Some sources claim he actively participated with Ingle's forces, while others suggest he was simply caught up in the chaos.

After the restoration of order, Gerard returned to his estates and remained a significant figure in Maryland society. He held various local offices and continued to expand his landholdings. He died in 1673 and his estates were divided among his children. His descendants remained prominent in Maryland for generations.

Gerard's legacy is complex. He was a successful and influential colonist who contributed to the early development of Maryland. However, his involvement in Ingle's Rebellion and his religious affiliations have also made him a controversial figure in colonial history. His vast landholdings exemplify the system of manorialism that was prevalent in early Maryland.