Tapestry

Tapestry is a form of textile art, traditionally woven on a vertical loom. It is distinguished from other woven textiles by the fact that the weft threads are discontinuous; the weaver manually interlocks each colored weft thread back and forth in its own small pattern area, and the weft is usually packed tightly to completely cover the warp threads. This creates a dense, picture-like surface.

Definition and Characteristics:

• Handwoven: Tapestries are typically handwoven, allowing for intricate designs and details.
• Weft-Faced: The design of a tapestry is created entirely by the weft threads, which completely conceal the warp threads.
• Discontinuous Wefts: Individual weft threads are woven back and forth within their own color areas, creating a mosaic-like effect.
• Design-Oriented: Tapestries are created as artwork, often depicting historical events, mythological scenes, landscapes, or portraits.
• Material: Traditionally made from wool and linen, tapestries can also incorporate silk, cotton, gold, silver, or other materials depending on the desired effect and historical period.
• Use: Historically used for insulation, decoration, and to display wealth and status. They adorned the walls of castles, palaces, and wealthy homes. Modern tapestries are primarily used for decorative purposes.

Historical Significance:

Tapestry weaving is an ancient art form with evidence dating back to ancient Egypt and pre-Columbian Peru. Throughout history, tapestry production centers flourished in Europe, particularly in France, Belgium (Flanders), and England. Notable tapestry workshops include the Gobelins Manufactory in Paris and workshops in Brussels. During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, tapestries were a major art form, serving as portable frescoes for the elite. They were often commissioned by royalty and nobles to showcase their power and wealth.

Techniques:

Several techniques are used in tapestry weaving, including:

• High-Warp (Haute-Lisse): The warp is held vertically.
• Low-Warp (Basse-Lisse): The warp is held horizontally.
• Slit Tapestry: Gaps or slits are left between areas of different colors, which can be sewn together later or left open for a textured effect.

Modern Tapestry:

While traditional tapestry continues to be practiced, contemporary artists are pushing the boundaries of the medium, exploring new materials, techniques, and subject matter. Modern tapestries can range from large-scale installations to small, intimate works, and may incorporate unconventional materials like found objects, plastics, or mixed media.