Subdeacon

A subdeacon is a minor order in some Christian denominations. Historically, it was considered the highest of the minor orders and a stepping stone to the major orders of deacon, priest, and bishop. The role and significance of the subdiaconate varies considerably among different Christian traditions.

Roman Catholicism: In the Roman Catholic Church, the subdiaconate was traditionally one of the major orders. Subdeacons had specific liturgical roles, including reading the Epistle at Mass, preparing the altar linens, and assisting the deacon and priest. They were bound by the law of celibacy. Pope Paul VI suppressed the subdiaconate as a major order in 1972, replacing it with the instituted ministry of acolyte. However, the subdiaconate continues to exist in some traditionalist Catholic communities.

Eastern Orthodoxy: In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the subdiaconate is considered a minor order. Subdeacons assist the deacon and priest during services, particularly in vesting them and caring for liturgical objects. They typically do not serve at the altar table (Holy Table) itself. Unlike deacons and priests, they are not ordained through the laying on of hands on the altar table. They are blessed by the bishop and vested. Subdeacons are often married men.

Anglicanism: In Anglican churches, the subdiaconate is not a traditional order. However, some Anglo-Catholic parishes may employ individuals in a subdeaconal role, although this is not a formal ordination and varies widely in practice.

Other Christian Traditions: Some other Christian traditions may use the term "subdeacon" or a similar term to describe individuals who assist with liturgical duties, but the specific roles and responsibilities vary greatly. The office is generally less formal and defined than in the Catholic and Orthodox traditions.