Simada

Simada is a term used in the context of Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church liturgical music. It refers to the musical notation system used to record and transmit the chants and melodies of the church. This notation is not a system of precise pitch indication like Western music notation, but rather a mnemonic device, acting as a visual guide to help trained singers recall the established melodic patterns and rhythmic structures of the chants.

Simada symbols are abstract and represent general melodic contours and rhythmic relationships. They do not provide an absolute representation of notes or durations. Instead, they function as prompts, reminding the singer of a pre-existing, aurally-learned melody. The interpretation of the Simada symbols relies heavily on the oral tradition and the singer's training within the church's musical system.

The system incorporates a variety of symbols, often resembling geometric shapes or stylized letters from the Ge'ez alphabet, arranged above the text of the liturgical verses. These symbols guide the singer through the appropriate mode (known as mequamya) and rhythmic cycles associated with a particular chant.

Because Simada is a memory aid rather than a prescriptive score, variations in performance can and do occur among different singers and regions. The system primarily serves to maintain the continuity of the tradition while allowing for some level of individual interpretation within its established framework. The knowledge of Simada and its application are crucial for preserving the authenticity and integrity of Ethiopian Orthodox liturgical music.