Sicyon

Sicyon (Ancient Greek: Σικυών) was an ancient Greek city-state situated in the northern Peloponnese, between Corinth and Achaea. It was built upon a low triangular plateau, about three kilometers from the Corinthian Gulf.

Sicyon was one of the oldest cities in Greece, with a history reaching back to the Mycenaean period. According to tradition, it was initially named Aegialeia. Its early history is shrouded in myth and legend, with a succession of kings from various lineages.

During the Archaic period, Sicyon flourished, particularly under the rule of the Orthagorid tyrants (c. 676-596 BC). These rulers, notably Cleisthenes of Sicyon, promoted the arts and fostered political stability. Cleisthenes is particularly known for his reforms aimed at diminishing the influence of Dorian tribes and for establishing athletic games.

Sicyon was renowned for its artistic contributions, particularly in painting and sculpture. The Sicyonian school of painting, founded by Eupompus, emphasized naturalism and technical skill. Several famous painters, including Apelles and Pausias, trained in Sicyon. The city was also known for its bronze work and pottery.

In the Classical period, Sicyon was initially aligned with Sparta but later joined the Achaean League. The city suffered damage in various conflicts, including the Corinthian War and sieges by Macedonian rulers.

During the Hellenistic period, Sicyon experienced a period of decline but was later rebuilt by Demetrius Poliorcetes around 303 BC and renamed Demetrias. However, the name Sicyon was eventually restored.

Sicyon was a member of the Achaean League during the Roman period and continued to exist as a city of some importance. Its site is now near the modern village of Vasiliko. Archaeological excavations have revealed traces of its ancient acropolis, theater, and other structures.