Shukranu

Shukranu, commonly known as sperm, is the male reproductive cell (gamete) in sexually reproducing organisms. Its primary function is to fertilize the female ovum (egg) and initiate the formation of a new individual.

Structurally, a mature shukranu typically consists of a head, midpiece, and tail. The head contains the nucleus, which carries the haploid set of chromosomes (half the number of chromosomes found in a somatic cell) necessary for fertilization. A cap-like structure called the acrosome covers the anterior portion of the head; it contains enzymes that help the shukranu penetrate the outer layers of the ovum.

The midpiece is packed with mitochondria, which generate the energy (in the form of ATP) required for the shukranu to move and swim towards the ovum.

The tail, or flagellum, is a long, whip-like structure that propels the shukranu through the female reproductive tract. The coordinated beating of the flagellum enables the shukranu to swim towards the ovum.

Shukranu are produced in the testes through a process called spermatogenesis. Millions of shukranu are typically produced in each ejaculation, though only one is needed to fertilize the ovum. Following ejaculation, shukranu can survive for varying periods of time within the female reproductive tract, depending on factors such as the environment and the individual's health.

The health and motility of shukranu are important factors in male fertility. Various medical tests can assess shukranu count, morphology (shape), and motility to evaluate a man's reproductive potential.