Sesame

Sesame ( Sesamum indicum) is a flowering plant in the genus Sesamum, also known as benne. It is widely naturalized in tropical regions around the world and is cultivated for its edible seeds, which grow in pods or capsules. Sesame is one of the oldest oilseed crops known to humans, having been domesticated over 3,000 years ago.

Description

Sesame is an annual plant that grows to a height of 0.5 to 2.5 meters (1.6 to 8.2 feet). The leaves are lanceolate, varying in width, with entire margins towards the bottom of the plant and lobed margins near the flowering stem. The flowers are tubular, white to purple in color, and may be speckled. The fruit is a capsule that splits open when ripe, releasing the seeds.

Cultivation

Sesame thrives in well-drained soil with moderate fertility. It is drought-tolerant and prefers warm climates. The seeds are typically sown in the spring, and the plants mature in about 90-120 days. Harvesting is done when the capsules are ripe and beginning to split, and involves cutting the plants and drying them to release the seeds.

Uses

Sesame seeds are used extensively in cooking and baking. They are a common ingredient in Middle Eastern, Asian, and African cuisines. Sesame oil, extracted from the seeds, is also widely used for cooking and in the production of margarine and other food products. The seeds are rich in oil, protein, and minerals. Sesame seeds are also used in traditional medicine for various purposes. They are also used in the production of tahini (sesame paste) and halva (a sweet confection).

Varieties

There are many different varieties of sesame, varying in seed color (white, brown, black), seed size, and oil content. Different varieties are adapted to different climates and growing conditions.

Nutrition

Sesame seeds are a good source of several nutrients, including calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, manganese, copper, zinc, fiber, thiamin, vitamin B6, folate, protein, and healthy fats.

Allergies

Sesame is a known allergen, and sesame allergy is becoming increasingly common. Sesame seeds and sesame oil must be labelled as allergens in many countries.