Scoter

A Scoter is any of three species of sea ducks in the genus Melanitta. They are characterised by their predominantly black plumage (in males, at least), thick bills, and nasal knobs. Scoters are diving ducks that feed on shellfish and other invertebrates, often in shallow coastal waters. They are typically found in northern latitudes and migrate south in the winter.

The three species recognized as scoters are:

• Black Scoter (Melanitta americana) - Found in North America. Some authorities consider this conspecific with the Common Scoter.

• Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra) - Found in Europe and Asia.

• Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) - Found in North America.

Scoters are known to gather in large flocks, particularly during migration and in wintering areas. They are susceptible to oil spills and other environmental hazards due to their coastal habitat. Conservation efforts are focused on protecting their breeding and wintering grounds. They are relatively long-lived ducks, and their populations can be sensitive to changes in environmental conditions and food availability. The males often have brightly coloured bills, particularly during the breeding season.