Scaphocephaly

Scaphocephaly (also known as sagittal synostosis) is a type of craniosynostosis, a condition characterized by the premature fusion of one or more of the cranial sutures. In scaphocephaly, specifically, the sagittal suture, which runs along the top of the head from front to back, fuses prematurely. This premature fusion restricts growth perpendicular to the fused suture, resulting in a long, narrow head shape.

The term "scaphocephaly" originates from the Greek words "skaphe" (boat or skiff) and "kephale" (head), describing the boat-shaped appearance of the skull.

Etiology:

The exact cause of scaphocephaly is often unknown. It can occur sporadically, or in some cases, may be associated with genetic syndromes or environmental factors. Research suggests a complex interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental influences.

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis is typically made through physical examination, observing the characteristic elongated head shape. Imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans are used to confirm the premature fusion of the sagittal suture and to rule out other potential causes.

Treatment:

Treatment usually involves surgical intervention to release the fused sagittal suture and reshape the skull. The specific surgical approach varies depending on the age of the child, the severity of the condition, and the surgeon's preference. Minimally invasive endoscopic techniques are often used in younger infants. Open cranial vault remodeling is typically performed in older infants and children. Post-operative helmet therapy may be required to guide skull growth and maintain the corrected head shape.

Prognosis:

With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for individuals with scaphocephaly is generally good. Surgical correction aims to normalize head shape and prevent potential complications associated with increased intracranial pressure, such as developmental delays. Regular follow-up with a multidisciplinary team, including a neurosurgeon, craniofacial surgeon, and developmental pediatrician, is crucial to monitor growth and development. Untreated scaphocephaly can potentially lead to increased intracranial pressure, visual impairments, and developmental delays.