Saptak

A Saptak (Hindi: सप्तक) is a term in Indian classical music referring to an octave. It encompasses a sequence of seven shuddha (natural) notes, forming a complete scale. The Saptak is fundamental to understanding the melodic structure (raga) in both Hindustani and Carnatic music systems. The seven notes are traditionally named Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, and Ni. The cycle then repeats at a higher or lower pitch. The word "Saptak" derives from the Sanskrit word meaning "containing seven".

There are three main Saptaks commonly used:

• Mandra Saptak: The lower octave.
• Madhya Saptak: The middle octave, generally considered the "normal" range.
• Taar Saptak: The higher octave.

Musicians may also explore octaves beyond these three, although they are less frequently used. The ability to navigate and control these different Saptaks is a crucial skill for any Indian classical musician, whether vocal or instrumental, as it allows for a wider range of expression and melodic development.