Penny Black (research project)

The Penny Black was the world's first adhesive postage stamp used in a public postal system. It was issued in Great Britain on May 1, 1840, and became valid for use on May 6, 1840. As a result, it is considered one of the most iconic and historically significant stamps in philately.

The stamp features a profile of Queen Victoria, based on a medal designed by William Wyon. The background is black, hence the name "Penny Black," and the denomination is one penny. The stamp was created as part of a major postal reform initiated by Rowland Hill, who advocated for a uniform postage rate regardless of distance, prepaid by the sender.

Previously, postage was paid by the recipient, and rates varied based on distance and number of sheets. The introduction of the Penny Black simplified the postal system significantly. Senders purchased the stamp and affixed it to their letters as proof of prepayment.

The Penny Black's immediate success led to the introduction of other stamps, but the black colour proved problematic. Red postmarks were difficult to see on the black background, making it easy for stamps to be reused after having the postmark washed off. This led to the replacement of the Penny Black with the Penny Red in 1841.

Although only in circulation for a little less than a year, the Penny Black revolutionized postal systems worldwide and remains a highly sought-after item among stamp collectors. Its creation marked a significant step towards a modern, affordable, and efficient postal service.