Parentia

Parentia is an ancient Roman festival celebrated in honor of deceased ancestors. It lasted from February 13th to February 21st, with the final day, February 21st, specifically dedicated to the Feralia. During Parentia, public temples were closed, marriages were forbidden, and magistrates did not wear their official insignia, all symbolic gestures of mourning and respect.

The purpose of Parentia was to appease the spirits of the deceased (the Manes) and ensure their continued goodwill towards the living family. It was a time of somber reflection and private rituals performed at the family tombs. Offerings of food, wine, and flowers were commonly left at the graves as a form of propitiation. Neglecting Parentia was believed to anger the Manes and bring misfortune upon the household.

Unlike the later, more elaborate festival of Lemuria in May, Parentia was a more private and personal observance, focusing on familial connection with the dead. Its emphasis was on sustenance and reconciliation rather than exorcism or warding off malevolent spirits. The Feralia marked the culmination of the festival with public rites performed at the communal cemeteries.