PZL MD-12

The PZL MD-12 was a Polish four-engine short-range passenger aircraft, designed and built in the late 1950s by the WSK-Okęcie (later PZL Warszawa-Okęcie) aviation factory. It was intended as a replacement for the aging Soviet-built Lisunov Li-2 (a license-built Douglas DC-3) in Polish domestic service.

The MD-12 was designed with a high-wing configuration and featured a retractable tricycle landing gear. Its most distinctive feature was the four radial engines mounted on the wings. Two prototypes were built, designated MD-12P (passenger version) and MD-12D (photogrammetric version).

Flight testing began in 1959, but the aircraft suffered from several technical problems, including engine vibrations and issues with the landing gear. While the MD-12 showed promise in terms of payload capacity and range, its development was ultimately abandoned in the early 1960s due to the availability of more reliable and efficient Soviet aircraft like the Ilyushin Il-14. The MD-12 never entered serial production or commercial service. The sole surviving prototype is preserved in a Polish aviation museum.