Misopogon

Misopogon (Μισοπώγων) is a Greek word meaning "beard-hater" or "beard-wearer," and is most famously the title of a satirical and autobiographical work by the Roman Emperor Julian (Flavius Claudius Julianus). In this treatise, written in Antioch around 362-363 AD, Julian defends his personal habits and philosophical beliefs against the criticisms of the citizens of Antioch, who mocked him for his unfashionable beard, his simple lifestyle, and his devotion to traditional pagan religious practices.

The Misopogon offers valuable insight into Julian's personality, his reign, and the social climate of the Roman Empire during his brief rule. While it is ostensibly a self-deprecating work, it also serves as a thinly veiled critique of the Antiochenes' perceived moral failings, their obsession with luxury, and their lack of appreciation for his efforts to restore traditional Roman virtues. The work is a key source for understanding Julian's perspective on the challenges he faced in governing a society undergoing significant religious and cultural change. The text reveals the tensions between Julian's philosophical ideals and the realities of political life, as well as the difficulties he encountered in attempting to revive paganism in a largely Christianized world.