Harkara

A Harkara (also spelled Harkarah, Hurkaru, or Harkaru) was a historical term used in India, particularly during the Mughal and British colonial periods, referring to a messenger, courier, or spy. They were essentially foot messengers employed to carry messages, gather intelligence, and perform various errands, often covering long distances.

Harkaras operated as part of a larger communication network. Their duties could range from delivering official government correspondence to gathering information about local affairs, enemy movements, or potential rebellions. They were often relied upon for their speed, discretion, and ability to navigate difficult terrain.

The role of the Harkara predates the British Raj and was well-established within the Mughal administration. They were integral to maintaining communication and control across vast empires. During the British period, the East India Company and later the British government continued to employ Harkaras, adapting their roles to suit the changing administrative needs.

The term "Harkara" is derived from Persian/Arabic roots, related to the word for "news" or "tidings." The profession required trustworthiness, physical endurance, and a knowledge of the local language and customs. Some Harkaras were also armed and trained to defend themselves against bandits or other dangers encountered along their routes.

The advent of modern communication technologies, such as the telegraph and the postal service, gradually diminished the importance of Harkaras. However, their role in facilitating communication and intelligence gathering throughout Indian history remains significant.