Madates

Madates, also known as Mandates, was a Persian satrap of ancient Media under the rule of Cyrus the Great. Historical accounts, primarily from the writings of Xenophon, depict him as a figure initially loyal to the Median king Astyages.

According to Xenophon's Cyropaedia, Madates, facing difficulties and perceived injustices under Astyages' regime, defected to Cyrus, seeking his protection and assistance. This defection is described as a pivotal moment, contributing to the growing support for Cyrus and his eventual overthrow of the Median empire.

Madates is often presented as an example of the perceived tyranny and mismanagement of Astyages, highlighting the appeal of Cyrus's leadership and promises of just rule. His story serves as a narrative element in Xenophon's portrayal of Cyrus as a benevolent and strategically astute leader who was able to unite various factions under his banner.

The historical accuracy of the details surrounding Madates' defection, as presented by Xenophon, has been subject to scholarly debate. Some historians view the account as a largely accurate representation of events, while others consider it a potentially embellished narrative intended to strengthen Cyrus's image and legitimize his rule. Regardless of its precise historical truth, the figure of Madates represents the internal divisions and dissatisfaction within the Median empire that contributed to its downfall and the rise of the Achaemenid Persian Empire.