MAPK10

MAPK10, also known as JNK3 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3), is a protein kinase enzyme that is encoded by the MAPK10 gene in humans. It is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, a group of serine/threonine kinases that play a crucial role in intracellular signal transduction pathways. These pathways regulate a variety of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and stress responses.

JNK3, in particular, is primarily expressed in the brain, heart, and testes, and is activated by various stress stimuli, such as UV irradiation, heat shock, and oxidative stress, as well as inflammatory cytokines. Upon activation, JNK3 phosphorylates and activates several transcription factors, including c-Jun, ATF2, and ELK1. These transcription factors then regulate the expression of genes involved in cell survival, apoptosis, and inflammation.

The JNK3 pathway is implicated in a number of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Its role in neuronal apoptosis suggests it as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. However, due to its tissue-specific expression and involvement in various signaling pathways, targeting JNK3 requires careful consideration to avoid potential off-target effects.

Furthermore, studies have suggested a role for MAPK10/JNK3 in cardiac stress and development, and in spermatogenesis. Research continues to elucidate its precise functions in different tissues and under various physiological and pathological conditions. The MAPK10 gene is located on chromosome 4 in humans.