Kotwal (surname)

The surname Kotwal is a title and surname found primarily in India. It historically denotes a position of authority, specifically a chief police officer or magistrate in a town or city. The term "Kotwal" itself is derived from Persian/Arabic roots, with "Kot" meaning fort or citadel, and "Wal" meaning keeper or governor. Thus, a Kotwal was literally the "keeper of the fort/city," responsible for maintaining law and order, security, and often collecting taxes.

The surname evolved from individuals who held this official position, with their descendants adopting it as a hereditary surname. Distribution of the surname is concentrated in regions where the Kotwal position was historically prevalent, particularly in Maharashtra and other parts of western and northern India.

The role of the Kotwal varied depending on the specific region and the ruling power. Under Mughal rule, Kotwals held significant power and responsibility. During British colonial rule, the position was often retained, though its functions were gradually integrated into the modern police system.

Individuals with the Kotwal surname are diverse and belong to various communities and religions within India. The surname itself does not indicate any specific caste or religious affiliation beyond its historical association with a position of authority.