Kingdom of Sardinia (1700–1720)

The Kingdom of Sardinia, during the period 1700–1720, refers to the state ruled by the House of Savoy, encompassing primarily the island of Sardinia and some territories on the Italian mainland. This period was a crucial transitional phase for the Savoyard dynasty and their holdings, marked by the War of the Spanish Succession and its significant consequences.

Early 18th Century: At the dawn of the 18th century, the Kingdom of Sardinia, while nominally independent, was embroiled in the complex power struggles of Europe. Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy, had only recently secured the title of King of Sardinia in 1720, through the Treaty of Utrecht which concluded the War of the Spanish Succession. This treaty, which significantly reshaped the map of Europe, awarded the island of Sardinia to the House of Savoy in exchange for their cession of other territories. Before 1720, the Duchy of Savoy was the dominant part of the Savoyard possessions, holding more significance politically and economically than the island of Sardinia.

The War of the Spanish Succession and its Impact: The War of the Spanish Succession heavily influenced the state of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Victor Amadeus II initially allied with France, hoping to expand his territories on the Italian mainland. However, he later switched allegiance to the Grand Alliance, aiming to gain more significant concessions. The ultimate outcome, as seen in the Treaty of Utrecht, represented a significant shift in the balance of power for Savoy, leading to the acquisition of Sardinia and other gains, although often at the expense of mainland territories in the Italian peninsula.

Governance and Administration: Administrative structures during this period remained largely consistent with pre-existing Savoyard governance, adapting as needed to accommodate the newly acquired island territory. The transition from a primarily mainland-focused duchy to a kingdom encompassing a significant island possession presented administrative and logistical challenges, the full effects of which would unfold in the following decades.

Economic Conditions: The economic landscape of the Kingdom of Sardinia during this period was shaped by the war and its aftermath. The island of Sardinia itself remained relatively underdeveloped compared to the mainland possessions, although its strategic location offered potential for future economic development.

Legacy: The years 1700–1720 represent a crucial turning point in the history of the House of Savoy. The acquisition of the Kingdom of Sardinia, however initially less significant than the mainland possessions, laid the groundwork for the future expansion and consolidation of Savoyard power, ultimately leading to its dominance in the Italian unification movement centuries later. Further research is needed to fully explore the specific administrative and social transformations that occurred within this brief period.