Keloid

A keloid is a type of raised scar that occurs when the body overproduces collagen during the healing process after an injury. Unlike hypertrophic scars, which remain within the boundaries of the original wound, keloids can grow beyond the original site of skin damage. They are typically firm, rubbery lesions that can be pink, red, flesh-colored, or darker than the surrounding skin. Keloids are not contagious or cancerous, but they can be itchy, painful, or limit movement if located over a joint.

Causes:

The exact cause of keloid formation is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a result of an abnormal healing response. Risk factors include:

• Skin Trauma: Keloids can develop after various types of skin injuries, including surgical incisions, acne, burns, piercings, tattoos, vaccinations, and insect bites.
• Genetics: There is a genetic predisposition to keloid formation. Individuals with a family history of keloids are more likely to develop them.
• Ethnicity: Keloids are more common in individuals of African, Asian, and Hispanic descent.
• Age: Keloids are more common in younger individuals, typically between the ages of 10 and 30.
• Location: Keloids are more likely to form on certain areas of the body, such as the chest, shoulders, upper back, and earlobes.

Diagnosis:

Keloids are usually diagnosed based on their clinical appearance. A biopsy may be performed in some cases to rule out other skin conditions.

Treatment:

There is no single cure for keloids, and treatment can be challenging. Various treatment options are available, but recurrence is common. Common treatments include:

• Corticosteroid Injections: Injections of corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation and shrink the size of the keloid.
• Cryotherapy: Freezing the keloid with liquid nitrogen can help flatten it.
• Surgical Excision: Surgical removal of the keloid is an option, but it carries a risk of recurrence and the formation of a larger keloid.
• Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy can be used after surgical excision to reduce the risk of recurrence.
• Pressure Therapy: Applying pressure to the keloid with bandages or clips can help prevent its growth.
• Silicone Gel Sheeting: Applying silicone gel sheets to the keloid can help soften and flatten it.
• Laser Therapy: Various types of lasers can be used to reduce the size and appearance of keloids.
• Other Treatments: Other treatments, such as bleomycin injections, imiquimod cream, and verapamil injections, may also be used.

Prevention:

Preventing keloids is often difficult, especially for individuals with a genetic predisposition. However, some measures can be taken to minimize the risk of keloid formation, such as:

• Avoiding unnecessary surgery or skin trauma.
• Practicing good wound care.
• Using pressure therapy after surgery or injury.
• Consulting with a dermatologist about treatment options if a keloid begins to form.