KCNK10

KCNK10 is a human gene encoding a protein known as TWIK-related arachidonic acid-stimulated K⁺ channel 5 (TRAAK). KCNK10 is a member of the two-pore-domain potassium channel (K2P channel) family. These channels are characterized by having two pore-forming domains in each subunit, resulting in potassium-selective channels that conduct potassium ions across the cell membrane.

Function

TRAAK channels, formed by the KCNK10 protein, are involved in regulating cellular excitability. They contribute to the resting membrane potential and can influence neuronal firing patterns, as well as the excitability of other cell types. TRAAK channels are mechanosensitive, meaning they are activated by mechanical stimuli, such as cell swelling or changes in membrane tension. They are also sensitive to arachidonic acid, a fatty acid involved in cell signaling. This sensitivity makes them potentially relevant in a variety of physiological processes, including pain perception, osmoregulation, and mechanotransduction.

Structure

The KCNK10 protein is a transmembrane protein with four transmembrane domains and two pore-forming regions. Like other K2P channels, it functions as a dimer to form a functional potassium channel. The two subunits associate to create a central pore through which potassium ions can pass. The extracellular loops and intracellular N- and C-termini contribute to channel regulation and interaction with other proteins.

Clinical Significance

While mutations directly linked to specific diseases caused by KCNK10 are relatively rare, its role in pain perception has generated interest. Research suggests that TRAAK channels may be targets for analgesic drugs. Genetic variations in KCNK10 have been investigated for associations with pain sensitivity and related conditions. Further research is ongoing to fully understand the role of KCNK10 in human health and disease.

Further Reading

• OMIM: 607439
• UniProt: Q9NYG8