Jude the Obscure (serial)

Jude the Obscure is a novel by Thomas Hardy, originally published in serial form in Harper's New Monthly Magazine from December 1894 to November 1895 under the title Hearts Insurgent. Due to its controversial themes of social class, education, marriage, religion, and sexuality, Hardy initially intended to publish it solely as a book to protect the magazine. He later relented and allowed the serial publication, but insisted on significant revisions to tone down the perceived offensive content. These revisions included changes to language and the omission of certain scenes.

The serialized version of Jude the Obscure, Hearts Insurgent, differs in several key aspects from the book form. These differences include altered character names, dialogue, and plot points, generally aimed at mitigating potential scandal. Scholars continue to study these variations to understand Hardy's evolving artistic vision and the societal pressures he faced. The serialized version, while less well-known, offers insight into the original conception of the story and the Victorian sensibilities that shaped its development. Following the negative critical reception of the novel in its book form, Hardy largely abandoned novel writing and focused on poetry.