James Hutton (minister)

James Hutton (1715-1795) was a Scottish minister and moral philosopher, distinct from the more famous geologist, James Hutton (1726-1797). He was a prominent figure in the Scottish Enlightenment and a key member of the Moderate party within the Church of Scotland.

Hutton received his education at the University of Edinburgh, studying theology and philosophy. After being licensed as a minister, he served various parishes throughout Scotland, eventually becoming a leading voice within the Church. His theological views were aligned with the Moderate party, emphasizing reason, good order, and tolerance in religious matters. They advocated for a more rational approach to faith, emphasizing practical morality and social improvement over strict adherence to traditional dogma. This put them in opposition to the more evangelical wing of the Church.

Hutton was known for his polished sermons and his active involvement in civic affairs. He championed initiatives aimed at improving education and alleviating poverty. While overshadowed by the more renowned geologist of the same name, the Reverend James Hutton was a significant contributor to the intellectual and social landscape of 18th-century Scotland. He is often cited as an example of the influential role that ministers played during the Scottish Enlightenment. His contributions, though primarily focused on religious and moral philosophy, reflect the broader intellectual ferment of the period.