Henry Keene (architect)

Henry Keene (c. 1705 – 1776) was a prominent English architect working primarily in the Gothic Revival style. He held the position of Surveyor to Westminster Abbey from 1746 until his death, overseeing maintenance, repairs, and some minor alterations to the historic building.

Keene's architectural practice was widespread, encompassing ecclesiastical buildings, country houses, and public structures, largely within the south of England. He is known for his adeptness at adapting and 'Gothicising' existing structures, often employing elements such as pointed arches, crenellations, and tracery windows. While some criticize his work for being superficial in its Gothic detailing, it was highly influential in popularizing the Gothic Revival style in the mid-18th century.

Significant works attributed to Keene include alterations at Hartwell House, Oxfordshire; the reconstruction of the west front of Magdalen College, Oxford; and substantial work at Shirburn Castle, Oxfordshire. He also designed new buildings, such as Arbury Hall, Warwickshire (though his involvement is debated), and alterations to various parish churches.

Keene trained his son, Theodore Keene (died 1794), as an architect, and the two often collaborated. Theodore succeeded his father as Surveyor to Westminster Abbey. Henry Keene's influence extended beyond his direct architectural practice, shaping the taste for Gothic architecture among a wider audience during a pivotal period in the style's revival.