Hamycin

Hamycin is a polyene antifungal antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces pimprina. It is used to treat fungal infections, particularly those affecting the skin and mucous membranes.

Mechanism of Action: Hamycin exerts its antifungal activity by binding to ergosterol, a crucial sterol component of fungal cell membranes. This binding disrupts the integrity and function of the cell membrane, leading to leakage of essential cellular contents and ultimately, fungal cell death. Hamycin's mechanism is similar to that of amphotericin B, another polyene antifungal.

Spectrum of Activity: Hamycin exhibits a broad spectrum of antifungal activity against a variety of fungi, including Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, and dermatophytes (such as Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton).

Pharmaceutical Preparations and Uses: Hamycin is typically available in topical formulations, such as creams, ointments, and vaginal suppositories. It is used to treat conditions such as:

• Cutaneous candidiasis (skin infections caused by Candida)
• Vaginal candidiasis (yeast infections)
• Other superficial fungal infections.

Adverse Effects: Common side effects associated with topical hamycin use include local irritation, redness, itching, and burning sensations at the application site. Systemic absorption of hamycin from topical applications is generally minimal.

Resistance: Fungal resistance to hamycin can occur, though it is not as widespread as resistance to some other antifungal agents. Resistance mechanisms may involve alterations in ergosterol synthesis or changes in membrane composition that reduce hamycin binding.

History: Hamycin was discovered in India in the 1960s.

Synonyms: Primamycin