Golgotha (oratorio)

Golgotha is a large-scale oratorio in five parts composed by Frank Martin between 1945 and 1948. The work, which premiered in 1949, depicts the Passion of Christ.

The libretto draws heavily from two sources: the Gospels (particularly the Latin Vulgate translation) for the narrative portions, and the writings of St. Augustine for the reflective, philosophical commentary. The combination of biblical narrative and Augustine's theological insights gives the work a profound and introspective character.

Martin's musical style in Golgotha blends elements of late Romanticism, atonality, and serialism. The orchestration is rich and colorful, featuring a large orchestra, chorus, and vocal soloists. The choral writing is particularly notable, often employing complex harmonies and counterpoint to convey the emotional and spiritual weight of the subject matter.

The five parts of Golgotha cover the following events:

• Part 1: Jesus enters Jerusalem and the Last Supper.
• Part 2: The Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane.
• Part 3: The trial before Pilate and the scourging.
• Part 4: The Crucifixion.
• Part 5: The Death and Entombment.

Golgotha is considered one of Martin's most significant and enduring works, praised for its dramatic power, spiritual depth, and masterful orchestration. It occupies an important place in the 20th-century oratorio repertoire.