Fort Tompkins (Buffalo, New York)

Fort Tompkins was a military installation built in Buffalo, New York, during the War of 1812. It was constructed under the command of General George McClure, near the beginning of the American frontier line of defense against British forces in Upper Canada. Located on the high ground overlooking Buffalo Creek and Lake Erie, the fort was strategically positioned to defend the city and harbor from British attack.

The fort, primarily an earthenwork structure, was named in honor of New York Governor Daniel D. Tompkins. Its main purpose was to house artillery and troops, contributing to the overall defense of the Niagara Frontier. Despite its strategic importance, Fort Tompkins saw limited direct action during the war. Its main contribution was as a deterrent and staging ground for American forces.

After the burning of Buffalo in December 1813 by British troops, the fort was vital for the subsequent rebuilding efforts and continued defense of the city. Following the conclusion of the War of 1812, Fort Tompkins gradually fell into disrepair and was eventually dismantled. Little remains of the original structure today. The general location of the fort is believed to be near the modern-day intersection of Michigan Avenue and Perry Street in Buffalo. Historical markers and archaeological investigations have been undertaken to better understand and commemorate the site. Its significance lies primarily in its role during a crucial period in American history and its contribution to the defense of Buffalo during the War of 1812.