Epifagus

Epifagus, also known as beechdrops, is a genus of parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae family (formerly placed in the Scrophulariaceae). These plants are obligate parasites, meaning they rely entirely on a host plant for survival and cannot photosynthesize on their own.

• Description: Epifagus species are typically small, brownish or yellowish plants, often resembling dried twigs or fallen leaves. They lack chlorophyll, hence their characteristic color. The stems are branched and bear small, scale-like leaves. The flowers are tubular, ranging in color from cream to purple or brown.

• Host: The primary host of Epifagus is the American beech tree (Fagus grandifolia), hence the common name "beechdrops." The plant parasitizes the roots of the beech tree, extracting water and nutrients.

• Distribution: Epifagus virginiana, the most common species, is native to eastern North America, found in the understory of beech forests.

• Life Cycle: Epifagus plants produce numerous tiny seeds that are dispersed by wind or animals. These seeds germinate only in close proximity to the roots of a host beech tree. The plant attaches to the host's roots via haustoria, specialized structures that penetrate the host tissue and draw nutrients. The plant flowers in late summer or autumn.

• Taxonomy: The genus Epifagus is relatively small, containing only a few recognized species.

• Ecological Significance: While Epifagus is a parasite, it generally does not cause significant harm to its host tree. Its presence is a reliable indicator of the presence of American beech trees.