Cuticle (hair)

The cuticle is the outermost layer of the hair shaft. It is a protective layer composed of overlapping scales, similar to shingles on a roof. These scales, also known as cuticular cells, are primarily made of keratin, a strong, fibrous protein.

The primary function of the cuticle is to protect the inner structures of the hair shaft, including the cortex and medulla, from damage caused by environmental factors, physical manipulation, and chemical treatments. A healthy cuticle is smooth and intact, allowing light to reflect evenly, resulting in shiny, healthy-looking hair.

Damage to the cuticle can occur due to various factors, including:

• Mechanical damage: Excessive brushing, combing, or heat styling.
• Chemical treatments: Perms, relaxers, hair dyes, and bleaching agents.
• Environmental factors: UV radiation, pollution, and extreme temperatures.

When the cuticle is damaged, the scales become raised and uneven, making the hair feel rough, appear dull, and become more prone to breakage and split ends. Moisture can also be lost more easily, leading to dryness and frizz.

Various hair care products and practices can help to protect and repair the cuticle, including:

• Conditioners: Help to smooth the cuticle and reduce friction.
• Hair oils: Can help to seal the cuticle and add shine.
• Heat protectants: Help to protect the cuticle from heat damage.
• Gentle styling techniques: Minimizing harsh brushing and heat styling.

Maintaining a healthy cuticle is essential for overall hair health and appearance.