Cotyledon (genus)

Cotyledon is a genus of succulent plants in the family Crassulaceae. Native primarily to South Africa, but with species also found in parts of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and India, Cotyledon species exhibit a wide range of growth habits, from small, creeping groundcovers to larger, shrubby forms.

The leaves of Cotyledon are typically fleshy and rounded, often covered with a powdery bloom (farina). Leaf colors vary significantly between species and cultivars, ranging from green and grey to red and purple. Some species have leaves with distinct markings or scalloped edges.

Flowers are usually bell-shaped and pendulous, borne on tall stalks. The colors of the flowers can range from orange and red to yellow and white. Flowering usually occurs during the winter months.

Cotyledon are generally easy to propagate from stem or leaf cuttings. They require well-draining soil and thrive in sunny locations. Overwatering can lead to root rot.

Several species are popular as ornamental plants in succulent gardens and container arrangements. Some well-known Cotyledon species include Cotyledon orbiculata (Pig's Ear or Round-leafed Navel-wort), Cotyledon tomentosa (Bear's Paw), and Cotyledon pendens (Cliff Cotyledon).

Some species of Cotyledon are known to be poisonous, containing bufadienolides, which can cause cardiac glycoside poisoning in livestock and humans if ingested. Therefore, care should be taken when growing Cotyledon plants, especially in areas accessible to children and animals.