Church of Santa María (Lebeña)

The Church of Santa María de Lebeña is a pre-Romanesque church located in the village of Lebeña, Cantabria, Spain. It is considered one of the most important examples of Mozarabic architecture in Cantabria and represents a significant bridge between Visigothic and Romanesque styles.

The church was founded by Count Don Fruela and his wife Countess Doña Guldregía in 925 AD. Its construction is attributed to Mozarabic artisans who fled from Al-Andalus during the Reconquista, bringing with them architectural influences from Islamic Spain. The church was consecrated in 928 AD.

The architecture of Santa María de Lebeña is characterized by its basilical plan with three naves separated by horseshoe arches resting on Roman columns. The central nave is taller and wider than the side naves. The apse is rectangular and features a window. The church is constructed of masonry and ashlar stone.

Notable features include the horseshoe arches, which are a hallmark of Mozarabic architecture, and the epigraphic inscriptions found on various stones within the church. These inscriptions provide valuable information about the church's history and the individuals involved in its construction.

Throughout its history, the Church of Santa María de Lebeña has undergone several restorations and modifications. However, it has largely retained its original Mozarabic character and continues to be a significant landmark and a testament to the cultural exchange that occurred during the Reconquista. Today, it is a protected historical monument and a popular destination for tourists interested in art and architecture.