Cerium(III) chloride
Cerium(III) chloride, also known as cerous chloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula CeCl3. It is a salt of cerium and chlorine. Cerium(III) chloride is a white hygroscopic solid. It is soluble in water and ethanol.
Properties:
- Chemical Formula: CeCl3
- Molar Mass: 246.47 g/mol (anhydrous)
- Appearance: White solid
- Density: 3.97 g/cm3
- Melting Point: 815 °C (anhydrous)
- Boiling Point: 1727 °C (anhydrous)
- Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol
Preparation:
Cerium(III) chloride can be prepared by several methods, including:
- Direct reaction of cerium metal with chlorine gas.
- Reaction of cerium(III) carbonate with hydrochloric acid.
- Dehydration of cerium(III) chloride hydrate with ammonium chloride or thionyl chloride. Direct heating of the hydrate leads to formation of cerium oxychloride.
Uses:
Cerium(III) chloride has several applications, including:
- Catalysis: Used as a Lewis acid catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in reactions such as Friedel-Crafts alkylations and Diels-Alder reactions.
- Organic Synthesis: Used in the Luche reduction of α,β-unsaturated ketones.
- Precursor to other Cerium Compounds: Used as a starting material in the preparation of other cerium compounds, including organocerium reagents.
- Hydrometallurgy: Used in the extraction and separation of rare earth elements.
- Medicine: Being investigated for potential medical applications.
Safety:
Cerium(III) chloride is considered to be of low toxicity. However, as with all chemicals, it should be handled with care. Avoid ingestion, inhalation, and contact with skin and eyes. Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling this compound.