Butane (data page)
Butane is an organic compound with the chemical formula C4H10. It is an alkane, meaning it is a saturated hydrocarbon containing only single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms. Butane is a highly flammable, colorless, and easily liquefied gas.
Butane exists as two structural isomers: n-butane (normal butane) and isobutane (also called 2-methylpropane). These isomers have the same chemical formula but different arrangements of atoms in the molecule. n-Butane has a straight chain of four carbon atoms, while isobutane has a branched chain. This structural difference results in slightly different physical properties, such as boiling points.
Butane is primarily obtained as a byproduct of natural gas processing and petroleum refining. It is separated from other hydrocarbons through fractional distillation.
Butane has a wide range of applications. It is commonly used as a fuel in portable stoves, lighters, and camping equipment. It is also used as a propellant in aerosol sprays and as a refrigerant. In the chemical industry, butane is used as a feedstock for the production of other chemicals, such as ethylene and butadiene, which are important building blocks for plastics and synthetic rubber.
Due to its flammability, butane must be handled with caution. Leaks can create explosive mixtures with air. Proper ventilation and storage practices are essential when working with butane.
While butane is relatively non-toxic, inhaling high concentrations can displace oxygen in the lungs, leading to asphyxiation. Skin contact with liquid butane can cause frostbite due to its rapid evaporation.