Baharna

Baharna (also spelled Bahârna) refers to a specific community of Shia Muslims predominantly residing in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. The term "Baharna" is derived from the Arabic word "Bahrain," historically encompassing a wider geographical area than the present-day island nation.

The Baharna are distinct from other Shia communities in the region due to their historical and cultural ties to Bahrain, as well as certain specific customs and traditions. They have a long history in the region, with some claiming descent from ancient inhabitants who converted to Islam early in the Islamic period.

The Baharna community speaks a dialect of Arabic that incorporates distinct features influenced by their historical interactions and geographical location. They maintain a strong sense of cultural identity, often expressed through religious practices, oral traditions, and social gatherings.

Due to their Shia faith, the Baharna have, at times, faced discrimination and marginalization in regions where Sunni Islam is dominant. However, they have also played a significant role in the social, economic, and political life of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. The Baharna's relationship with the ruling powers has varied over time and remains a complex and sensitive issue.

Research into the Baharna community has been conducted by scholars in fields such as anthropology, sociology, and Islamic studies, offering insights into their unique cultural heritage and socio-political position within the broader Middle Eastern context.