Antonov An-12

The Antonov An-12 (NATO reporting name: Cub) is a four-engined turboprop strategic military transport aircraft designed in the Soviet Union. It is one of the Soviet Union's most important military cargo aircraft, and was produced in large numbers. It is broadly analogous to the Lockheed C-130 Hercules, although the An-12 has a greater cargo capacity.

Development and Design:

The An-12 was developed by the Antonov Design Bureau, beginning in the mid-1950s, as a military variant of the An-10 passenger aircraft. Key differences from the An-10 included a redesigned rear fuselage with a large cargo ramp and door, as well as defensive gun turrets (later removed or deactivated in some variants). The aircraft is powered by four Ivchenko AI-20 turboprop engines, providing significant power for cargo carrying and operation from austere airfields.

Operational History:

The An-12 entered service with the Soviet Air Force in 1959. It saw extensive use in a variety of roles, including transporting troops, cargo, and vehicles. It was also widely exported to numerous countries, including China, India, and various nations in the Middle East and Africa. The aircraft has been involved in numerous military conflicts and humanitarian relief efforts worldwide. While many An-12 aircraft are no longer in military service, some continue to be operated by civilian cargo carriers, primarily in developing countries.

Variants:

Several variants of the An-12 were produced, including:

• An-12: The initial production version.
• An-12B: An improved version with increased payload and range.
• An-12BK: The most numerous variant, featuring updated avionics and equipment.
• An-12BP: A variant designed for paratroop operations.
• An-12PPS: An electronic warfare variant.

Specifications (Typical An-12BK):

• Crew: 5-6
• Payload: Approximately 20,000 kg (44,000 lb)
• Length: 33.1 m (108 ft 7 in)
• Wingspan: 38.0 m (124 ft 8 in)
• Height: 10.5 m (34 ft 5 in)
• Powerplant: 4 × Ivchenko AI-20M turboprop engines
• Maximum Speed: 777 km/h (483 mph, 419 kn)
• Range: 3,600 km (2,237 mi, 1,944 nmi) with maximum payload