Alpana

Alpana (also spelled Alpona) is a traditional form of Indian folk art, specifically a style of painting practiced primarily in Bengal and other parts of India. It is also practiced in Bangladesh. Alpana designs are typically made on floors and walls, using a white liquid paste made from rice flour. The term encompasses similar art forms found in other regions of India, though local names and slight variations in style and materials exist.

Alpana is typically created by women, often in connection with religious rituals, festivals, and auspicious occasions such as weddings. The designs are considered to be both decorative and symbolic, often representing motifs related to prosperity, fertility, and well-being. Common themes include lotus flowers, geometric patterns, footprints of deities, and representations of nature.

The creation of Alpana is a communal activity, often involving multiple women working together. The designs are typically freehand, reflecting the artists' skill and creativity. While traditionally created using rice flour paste, other materials such as colored powders (rangoli) may also be incorporated in some variations. Alpana is a temporary art form, meant to be enjoyed and appreciated for a limited time before being allowed to fade or be washed away. The ephemeral nature of the art emphasizes its connection to ritual and the cycle of renewal.