Algirdas

Algirdas (c. 1296 – May 1377) was a Grand Duke of Lithuania. He reigned from 1345 to 1377. Together with his brother, Kęstutis, he co-ruled Lithuania, leading the country through a period of expansion and consolidation.

Algirdas was the son of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and one of his wives, likely Olga. After Gediminas's death, Lithuania was divided amongst his sons. Algirdas, along with Kęstutis, deposed his brother Jaunutis and assumed control of the Grand Duchy. Algirdas focused primarily on the eastern expansion of Lithuania, particularly against the Golden Horde and the Grand Duchy of Moscow, while Kęstutis managed the western defenses against the Teutonic Order.

His reign was marked by constant warfare, primarily against the Mongols to the south and east, and against various Russian principalities. He achieved significant territorial gains, extending Lithuanian influence deep into present-day Ukraine and Russia. He captured territories such as Smolensk, Bryansk, and Chernigov. His campaigns against Moscow, though ultimately unsuccessful in capturing the city, significantly weakened Moscow's power and influence.

Algirdas was a pagan throughout his life, although some of his children converted to Orthodox Christianity. He is considered one of the most important figures in Lithuanian history, known for his military prowess, strategic thinking, and expansion of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into one of the largest states in Europe during the 14th century. He was succeeded by his son Jogaila.