John Paul Scott (geneticist)

John Paul Scott (1909-2000) was an American animal behaviorist and geneticist known for his pioneering work in the fields of social behavior, canine behavior, and critical periods in development. He received his Ph.D. in Zoology from the University of Chicago in 1935.

Scott is particularly recognized for his long-term, large-scale research project at the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine, known as the "Dog Project" (formally the "Behavior Genetics of Social Behavior of Dogs"). Conducted over two decades (primarily from the 1940s to the 1960s) in collaboration with John L. Fuller, this project involved systematically breeding and studying various dog breeds, observing their behavior, and analyzing the genetic and environmental influences on social development, temperament, and breed-specific traits.

The Dog Project produced a wealth of data and insights, leading to significant advances in understanding the interplay of genetics and environment in shaping behavior. Key findings included the identification of critical periods in puppy development, particularly the sensitive period for socialization, during which puppies are most receptive to forming social bonds. Scott's research highlighted the importance of early experiences and socialization in determining an animal's later behavior and adaptability.

Scott authored and co-authored numerous scientific publications, including the influential book "Genetics and the Social Behavior of the Dog" (1965) with John L. Fuller, and "Animal Behavior" (1958). His work had a profound impact on the fields of animal behavior, behavioral genetics, and canine science, and continues to be cited and studied by researchers and practitioners today. He emphasized a holistic approach to understanding behavior, considering both genetic predispositions and environmental influences. After his work at Jackson Laboratory, Scott held positions at Bowling Green State University, contributing to the establishment of their psychology department and continuing his research on social behavior.