Acropyga

Acropyga is a genus of ants belonging to the subfamily Formicinae. These ants are notable for their obligate symbiotic relationship with mealybugs. They are primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.

Characteristics:

• Morphology: Acropyga ants are typically small, often yellowish or brownish in color, and possess relatively large eyes. Their morphology can vary significantly between species.
• Nesting: These ants usually nest in soil, leaf litter, or rotting wood. Colonies are generally small to medium in size, ranging from a few dozen to several hundred individuals.
• Diet: Acropyga ants are almost entirely dependent on the honeydew produced by mealybugs.

Symbiotic Relationship with Mealybugs:

• Acropyga ants cultivate and protect mealybugs within their nests. The ants receive honeydew, a sugary excretion, from the mealybugs as their primary food source.
• New Acropyga queens typically carry a mealybug with them when they establish a new colony, ensuring the continuation of the symbiotic relationship. This vertical transmission of the mealybug symbiont is a key feature of the genus.
• The ants will transport the mealybugs to suitable feeding sites on plant roots or other plant parts.
• They actively defend the mealybugs from predators and parasites.

Distribution:

Acropyga ants are found globally in tropical and subtropical areas, including Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas.

Taxonomy:

Acropyga is a well-defined genus within the Formicinae, but the exact number of species and their relationships are still under investigation. New species are occasionally discovered.