Abutment (dentistry)

In dentistry, an abutment is a connecting element. More specifically, it refers to a connecting component that is fixed to a dental implant and supports a dental prosthesis, such as a crown, bridge, or denture. The abutment serves as the intermediary between the implant, which is surgically placed into the jawbone, and the visible restoration that replaces missing teeth.

The abutment is typically a prefabricated or custom-milled component made of materials like titanium, zirconia, or gold alloy. It is designed to precisely fit the specific implant system being used and to provide a stable and retentive base for the final restoration.

The selection of the appropriate abutment depends on several factors, including the location of the implant, the type of restoration planned, the aesthetics required, and the patient's bite forces. Different abutment designs are available to address various clinical situations, such as angled abutments for implants placed at an angle, and temporary abutments used during the healing phase.

Once the abutment is secured to the implant, the dentist can then prepare the abutment surface and attach the final restoration, completing the tooth replacement process. The abutment plays a critical role in the overall success and longevity of implant-supported restorations.