A-level (United Kingdom)

A-levels, or Advanced Level General Certificate of Education, are subject-based qualifications conferred as part of the General Certificate of Education in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. They are typically studied over two years, usually starting at age 16, after completion of GCSEs (General Certificate of Secondary Education).

A-levels are widely used for entry into British universities and are also recognised internationally. They serve as a benchmark of academic achievement and demonstrate a student's ability to study a subject at a higher level. The qualifications are administered and awarded by various examination boards, including but not limited to AQA, Edexcel, OCR, and WJEC.

The first year of A-level study is often referred to as the AS level, which can be a standalone qualification or contribute towards the full A-level. However, in recent years, the linear A-level structure has become more prevalent, meaning that the AS level results do not directly contribute to the final A-level grade. Assessment for A-levels usually comprises a combination of examinations and, in some subjects, coursework.

The grading scale typically ranges from A* (the highest grade) to E (the lowest passing grade). Students usually study three or four A-level subjects. The specific A-level subjects chosen often depend on the student's interests and intended university course. Common subjects include mathematics, sciences (biology, chemistry, physics), humanities (history, geography, English literature), and social sciences (economics, psychology).