Winzen

Winzen was a United States-based manufacturer specializing in high-altitude polyethylene balloons, primarily used for scientific research and reconnaissance purposes. The company was founded in 1947 by Otto C. Winzen in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Winzen Research, Inc., as it was formally known, played a critical role in the early development of stratospheric ballooning. Their balloons were instrumental in projects related to cosmic ray research, atmospheric studies, and early space exploration efforts. Notable projects utilizing Winzen balloons included Project Skyhook, a U.S. Navy program to study cosmic rays, and Project Manhigh, an Air Force program to send manned balloons to record-breaking altitudes.

The company developed expertise in manufacturing large, thin-film polyethylene balloons capable of carrying heavy payloads to altitudes exceeding 100,000 feet. This involved overcoming significant engineering challenges related to material strength, gas leakage, and controlled ascent and descent.

Winzen balloons were used extensively during the Cold War for reconnaissance missions, particularly Project Genetrix, which involved launching high-altitude balloons carrying cameras over the Soviet Union and China. These flights aimed to gather intelligence information, but the program was controversial and ultimately short-lived due to political pressures and technological advancements in satellite surveillance.

While primarily known for scientific and military applications, Winzen balloons were also used in some civilian meteorological studies and for high-altitude photography. The company's contributions to balloon technology significantly advanced the field and laid the groundwork for future ballooning endeavors. Winzen Research, Inc. ceased operations in the early 1990s.