William Courtenay (bishop)

William Courtenay (c. 1342 – 31 July 1396) was an English prelate, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Lord Chancellor of England. Born into a powerful and well-connected family, he played a significant role in both ecclesiastical and political affairs during the reigns of Edward III and Richard II.

Courtenay was the fourth son of Hugh Courtenay, 10th Earl of Devon, and Margaret de Bohun, granddaughter of Edward I. His lineage afforded him early advantages, and he entered the Church, receiving rapid promotion. He served as Bishop of Hereford from 1369 to 1375 and as Bishop of London from 1375 to 1381.

As Bishop of London, Courtenay was a prominent figure in opposing John Wycliffe and his Lollard followers. He presided over the trial of Wycliffe in 1377, though Wycliffe was not convicted. Courtenay's staunch defense of orthodox doctrines and his efforts to suppress Lollardy solidified his reputation as a defender of the Church.

In 1381, following the death of Archbishop Simon Sudbury during the Peasants' Revolt, Courtenay was elected Archbishop of Canterbury. As Archbishop, he continued his efforts to combat Lollardy, holding synods to condemn heretical teachings and implementing measures to suppress the movement. He also played a significant role in the political turmoil of Richard II's reign.

Courtenay served as Lord Chancellor of England twice, briefly in 1381 and again from 1389 to 1391. He was a vocal critic of Richard II's policies and sought to limit the king's power. His opposition to the king brought him into conflict with Richard and his supporters, and he faced periods of political difficulty.

Courtenay died on 31 July 1396, at Maidstone, Kent. He is remembered as a powerful and influential figure in both the Church and the state, known for his opposition to Lollardy and his role in the political conflicts of the late 14th century. His tomb is located in Canterbury Cathedral.