Wānanga

In Māori culture, a wānanga is a place of higher learning, discussion, and the transmission of knowledge. It encompasses a broad concept, ranging from formal tertiary institutions to informal gatherings where knowledge is shared. Historically, wānanga were places where tohunga (experts, priests, skilled practitioners) taught advanced knowledge, including whakapapa (genealogy), history, cosmology, arts, and practical skills necessary for the well-being of the community.

The structure and content of traditional wānanga varied depending on the specific iwi (tribe) or hapū (sub-tribe). They served as vital centers for the preservation and advancement of Māori intellectual and cultural heritage. The transmission of knowledge was primarily oral, emphasizing memorization, recitation, and practical application.

In contemporary Aotearoa New Zealand, the term "wānanga" is also used to describe three Māori tertiary education institutions established under the 1989 Education Act: Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, Te Wānanga o Raukawa, and Te Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi. These institutions provide educational opportunities grounded in Māori values, culture, and language. They offer a range of programs from certificate to doctoral level, contributing to the revitalization of Māori knowledge and the educational advancement of Māori communities. These modern wānanga aim to create environments where Māori students can thrive, fostering cultural identity and providing pathways to success in various fields. The ethos of these institutions reflects the principles of traditional wānanga, emphasizing holistic learning, community engagement, and the intergenerational transmission of knowledge.