Ishim (angel)

In Jewish and sometimes Christian angelology, an Ishim (Hebrew: אישים, "men" or "mankind") represents one of the ten ranks of angels in the Kabbalistic hierarchy. They are considered to be the lowest ranking order of angels.

The Ishim are believed to be closest to humanity and most involved in human affairs. Some traditions hold that they are the angels most frequently encountered by humans, and may even appear in human form. Unlike higher-ranking angels, they are not necessarily associated with specific divine attributes or celestial functions.

The role of the Ishim is often described as messengers or facilitators between the divine and the mundane realms. They might inspire good deeds, offer guidance in difficult situations, or act as witnesses to human actions. They are associated with simple and direct intervention in the lives of people.

Interpretations of the Ishim's role and nature vary within different Kabbalistic schools and traditions. Some understand them to be souls of righteous humans who have ascended to angelic status. Other interpretations place them simply as the lowest order of created angels.

The concept of Ishim also appears in related texts, such as the Hekhalot literature, where they are mentioned alongside other angelic beings inhabiting different heavenly realms. The exact descriptions of their powers and functions can vary across sources.